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Introduction: The possibilities to suffer from the postcovid-19 syndrome grow as the pandemic expands. Objective: To identify the risk factors related to the postcovid-19 syndrome in residents from Pinar del Río. Methods: A cases and controls study that included covid-19 convalescents was carried out. They were assisted in the multidisciplinary service of Luis Augusto Turcios Lima Polyclinic of Pinar del Rio province during 2022 that were included in 2 groups at random, at a ratio of 1:2 (100 cases and 200 controls). The statistical analysis was based on an univaried strategy, for which the odds ratio was determined for each risk factor and the confidence intervals were considered at 95 %, as well as the chi-square test, with a significance level of p<0,05. Results: In the study there was a prevalence of the female sex, diabetes mellitus, pharmacological treatment, ventilation support, the presence of established sequels and complications. Conclusions: In spite of identifying the most frequent risk factors related to the postcovid-19 syndrome, it is still a challenge for health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The need to generate evidence related to COVID-19, the acceleration of publication and peer-review process and the competition between journals may have influenced the quality of COVID-19 papers. Our objective was to compare the characteristics of COVID-19 papers against those of non-COVID-19 papers and identify the variables in which they differ. Method: We conducted a journal-matched case-control study. Cases were COVID-19 papers and controls were non-COVID-19 papers published between March 2020 and January 2021. Journals belonging to five different Journal Citations Reports categories were selected. Within each selected journal, a COVID-19 paper (where there was one) and another non-COVID-19 paper were selected. Conditional logistic regression models were fitted. Results: We included 81 COVID-19 and 143 non-COVID-19 papers. Descriptive observational studies and analytical observational studies had, respectively, a 55-fold (odds ratio [OR]: 55.12; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 7.41-409.84) and 19-fold (OR: 19.28; 95%CI: 3.09-120.31) higher likelihood of being COVID-19 papers, respectively, and also a higher probability of having a smaller sample size (OR: 7.15; 95%CI: 2.33-21.94). COVID-19 papers had a higher probability of being cited since their publication (OR: 4.97; 95%CI: 1.63-15.10). Conclusions: The characteristics of COVID-19 papers differed from those of non-COVID-19 papers published in the first months of the pandemic. In order to ensure the publication of good scientific evidence the quality of COVID-19-papers should be preserved. Resumen: Objetivo: La necesidad de generar evidencia relacionada con la COVID-19, la aceleración del proceso de revisión por pares y publicación, y la competencia entre revistas, pueden haber influido en la calidad de los artículos sobre la COVID-19. El objetivo fue comparar las características de los artículos sobre la COVID-19 con las de los artículos no COVID-19 e identificar las variables en las que difieren. Método: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles emparejados por revista. Los casos eran artículos COVID-19 y los controles eran artículos no COVID-19 publicados en el mismo periodo. Se seleccionaron revistas pertenecientes a cinco categorías diferentes del Journal Citations Reports. Dentro de cada revista seleccionada, se escogió un artículo COVID-19 (cuando había uno) y otro artículo no COVID-19. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística condicional. Resultados: Se incluyeron 81 artículos COVID-19 y 143 artículos no COVID-19. Los estudios observacionales descriptivos y los estudios observacionales analíticos tenían, respectivamente, una probabilidad 55 veces mayor (odds ratio [OR]: 55,12; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 7,41-409,84) y 19 veces mayor (OR: 19,28; IC95%: 3,09-120,31) de ser artículos COVID-19 y de tener un tamaño de muestra menor (OR: 7,15; IC95%: 2,33-21,94). Los artículos más citados desde su publicación tenían 5 veces más probabilidades de ser artículos COVID-19 (OR: 4,97; IC95%: 1,63-15,10). Conclusiones: Los artículos COVID-19 parecen tener mayor impacto bibliométrico, a pesar de tener menor calidad metodológica. Para asegurar la publicación de buena evidencia científica se debe preservar la calidad de los artículos relacionados con la COVID-19.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a primarily asymptomatic microvascular complication. Even though it is preventable, it is the first cause of irreversible blindness among working-age adults. Due to recent meta-analysis results, dyslipidemia is an inconclusive risk factor; therefore, the importance of accomplishing our study in the Peruvian population. Objective: Evaluate the relationship between dyslipidemia and DR in type II diabetic patients of the Ophthalmology area from the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital in Lima-Peru, from 2018 to 2020. Methods: Case-control study, 219 cases and 219 controls were included. Diabetic patients will be classified based on the presence or absence of DR lesions on the ocular fundus determined by the specialist. Lipids parameters (triglyceride, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol) and other variables were recollected and analyzed in STATA 14. Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain a crude and adjusted Odds Ratio. Results: Dyslipidemia (OR 2.7, p=0.03), elevated triglycerides (OR 1.0044, p=0.03), and low HDL cholesterol (OR 2.16, p=0.03) were significantly associated with DR. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for DR in type II diabetic patients. This result emphasizes the importance of evaluating a lipid panel in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamento: La enfermedad renal crónica presenta una prevalencia elevada en Pinar del Río, Cuba, y constituye una de las principales causas de muerte; por ello se requiere obtener información de interés y que contribuya a su conocimiento.Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo relacionados con la enfermedad renal crónica.Métodos: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, con pacientes pertenecientes a 16 consultorios del Policlínico Luis A. Turcios Lima, de Pinar del Río, en el periodo enero-diciembre de 2019. La selección de los participantes se realizó de forma aleatoria 1:2 (30 casos y 60 controles). El análisis estadístico se basó en una estrategia multivariada, la determinación del Odds Ratio, con intervalos de confianza al 95 %, y la prueba de Chi Cuadrado con un nivel de significación estadística de PResultados: los factores de riesgo identificados como de mayor incidencia fueron la edad por encima de 60 años, la obesidad, la hipercolesterolemia, los antecedentes patológicos personales de hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus, así como la cardiopatía isquémica, las uropatías obstructivas y tener familiares con enfermedad renal crónica.Conclusión: Los principales factores de riesgo fueron la presencia de antecedentes de la enfermedad en la familia, así como padecer hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus. Otras de las variables analizadas también se mostraron como tal, pero en menor medida.

Introducción: La enfermedad arterial hipertensiva no controlada (EAHNC), se asoció en 2008 con alta mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular que genera 9,4 millones de fallecimientos y 7% de la carga de enfermedad expresada en Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad (AVAD). Un 50% de los pacientes no se adhieren al tratamiento EAH y se desconoce sobre las causas en el nivel básico de atención en Colombia. Objetivo: Identificar factores asociados con la adherencia al tratamiento de EAH en una Empresa Social del Estado (E.S.E), pública de un municipio colombiano. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles, 75 casos y 75 controles seleccionados aleatoriamente a partir de una base de pacientes del programa de control de hipertensión arterial. Resultados: La edad mayor a 50 años fue el único factor asociado con falta de adherencia al tratamiento, sujetos entre 50-59 años con un OR=3,18 (Intervalo al 95% de confianza) IC95% 1,01–10,00; y entre 60-69 años OR=3,70 IC95% 1,17-11,60 tienen mayor probabilidad de no adherirse al tratamiento. Conclusiones: Los mayores de 50 a 69 años de edad presentaron la más alta probabilidad de no adherencia al tratamiento de la EAH. Se requieren reforzar medidas de seguimiento para mejorar su adherencia al tratamiento.

Objective: To identify risk factors to pre-surgical complications in patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) in endemic areas of Peru. Materials and methods: Study of cases (n=43) and controls (n=127) not paired was designed, with a case- control ratio of 1:3 based on a secondary source. A case was defined as a patient with CE who presented pre-surgical complications related or not with the disease and the control without pre-surgical complication. The response variable was preoperative complication and the exposure variables were age, gender, degree of instruction, occupation, number, size (diameter in centimeters) and location of the cyst. To identify the risk factors, a bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the crude odds ratios (cOR) and then the variables with significant association were adjusted by a multivariate logistic regression analysis using the Stata® version 14 software, obtaining the adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results: Fifty eight point eight percent (24/43) of the cases were women and the median age was 35 years and 59.1% (75/127) of the controls correspond to the female gender and the median age was 27 years. The multivariate logistic regression analysis found that being over 56 years old has an aOR 2.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.007-8.433) and having ≥3 cysts has an aOR 4.26 (95% CI: 1.62-11.22) for present pre-surgical complications in patients with CE. Conclusion: It was identified that being over 56 years old and having ≥3 cysts are risk factors for presenting pre-surgical complications in CE.

Background: Chronic kidney disease has a high prevalence in Pinar del Río, Cuba, and is one of the main causes of death; so, it is necessary to obtain information of interest that contributes to its knowledge. Objective: to determine the risk factors related to chronic kidney disease. Methods: a case-control study was carried out, with patients belonging to the Luis A. Turcios Lima Polyclinic 16 doctor's office, in Pinardel Río, from January-December 2019. The selection of participants was carried out randomly 1:2 (30 cases and 60 controls). The statistical analysis was based on a multivariate strategy, the determination of the Odds Ratio, with 95% confidence intervals, and the Chi Square test with a level of statistical significance of P <0.05. Sociodemographic variables, toxic habits, family history of chronic kidney disease and personal pathological history, among others, were analyzed. Results: the risk factors identified as having the highest incidence were age over 60 years old, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, personal pathological history of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, as well as ischemic heart disease, obstructive uropathies and having relatives with chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: The main risk factors were the presence of the disease family history, as well as suffering from high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. Other variables analyzed were also shown as such, but to a lesser extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intestinal apicomplexa protozoa are a recognized cause of gastroenteritis. They are endemic in Honduras and their epidemiology varies in different population groups. Objective: To identify risk factors for cyclosporiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and cystoisosporiasis. Materials and methods: We conducted a case-control study in a hospital-based population. We performed the diagnosis using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique and collected the information from laboratory records and clinical charts. Results: Cyclosporiasis was associated with diarrhea (OR=2.28; 95%CI: 1.10-4.89), weight loss (OR=12.7; 95%CI: 2.49-122.00), watery stools (OR=2.42; 95%CI: 1.26-4.65), and infection with another protozoan (OR=3.13; 95%CI: 1.66-5.95). Cryptosporidiosis was associated with HIV infection (OR=15.43; 95%CI: 3.34-71.22), diarrhea (OR=3.52; 95%CI: 1.40-9.40), lymphopenia (OR=6.16; 95%CI: 1.99-18.98), and green color stools (OR=3.00; 95%CI: 1.23-7.30). Cystoisosporiasis was associated with HIV infection (OR=11.20; 95%CI: 3.53-35.44), diarrhea (OR=7.30; 95%CI: 1.89-28.52), leukopenia (OR=4.28; 95%CI: 1.33-13.75), green color stools (OR=11.59; 95%CI: 1.16-558.60), and Charcot-Leyden crystals (OR=11.59; 95%CI: 1.16-558.60). Conclusions: In this hospital-based population from Honduras, HIV infection was a risk factor for cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporiasis, but not for cyclosporiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a potentially severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) reported in 7-40% of SLE patients. ITP has been associated with a higher risk of organ damage and mortality., Objectives: To describe which factors are associated with the presence of ITP in SLE patients., Methods: Retrospective case-control study. Cases were defined as SLE patients who had ever developed ITP and were sex- and age-matched with two controls. A predictive model was constructed to identify SLE patients who were at risk of developing ITP., Results: ITP prevalence in our SLE cohort was 8.35%. Cases had a higher frequency of hemolytic anemia, while controls had a higher prevalence of arthritis at SLE diagnosis. During SLE progression, cases tested positive for anticardiolipin, anti-β2-glycoprotein 1, and lupus anticoagulant antibodies more frequently. Cases received mycophenolic acid and azathioprine more often than controls and had a higher SLICC/ACR score. The model demonstrated a sensitivity of 87.53%, a positive predictive value of 81.92%, a specificity of 80.50%, area under the curve of 83.92%, a F1 of 83% and an overall accuracy of 83.68%. The variables that best explain the model were hemolytic anemia, arthritis, oral ulcers, Raynaud's phenomenon, low C4, low CH50, anticardiolipin and anti-β2GP1 antibodies., Conclusion: SLE patients who develop ITP have a distinct phenotype characterized by more hemolytic anemia and less arthritis at SLE onset, and higher prevalence of antiphospholipid syndrome antibodies during SLE progression. This phenotype is associated with heightened organ damage and the need for more intensive therapies and stricter follow-up. Our predictive model has demonstrated an impressive ability to identify SLE patients at risk of developing ITP., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introducción. La dieta es uno de los factores asociados al ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) con un impacto particular sobre las diferentes poblaciones. Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de alimentos y el ACV isquémico en una muestra de pacientes adultos en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de casos (n=357) y controles (n=348) con casos incidentes de ACV isquémico agudo. El consumo de alimentos fue evaluado mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo. Se calculó el odds ratio (OR) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% mediante modelos de regresión logística. Resultados. Se identificaron 10 alimentos asociados con el ACV isquémico agudo. Según la escala propuesta (número de modelos con asociación significativa), un solo alimento se ubicó en la categoría de evidencia fuerte de asociación (gallina), cuatro en categoría débil (chocolate, harina de trigo, manteca, aguacate) y cinco en la categoría sospechosa (pollo con piel, pollo sin piel, arroz, arracacha, yuca). Conclusiones. El consumo de chocolate de mesa (preparado en leche con una composición de 70% azúcar y 30% cacao), aguacate y pollo sin piel podría sugerir un efecto protector, mientras la alta ingesta de harina de trigo, gallina, manteca, atún en agua, arroz, pollo con piel, arracacha y yuca podría aumentar el riesgo de presentar ACV isquémico agudo.

Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo de la atrición dental severa en pacientes que acudieron a instituciones de atención odontológica, públicas y privadas, de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: fueron analizados 237 pacientes adultos, 79 casos con atrición dental grados 2, 3 y 4, según el índice de Smith y Knight, y 158 controles con atrición grados 0 y 1. Se realizó un examen clínico y fotográfico para determinar la relación entre la atrición dental y factores como edad, sexo, procedencia, número de dientes residuales, pH salival y bruxismo. Resultados: los pacientes mayores de 25 años (OR= 2,47 IC= 1,41 – 4,35 X2= 10,21 p= 0,001), con menos de 20 dientes en boca (OR= 4,95 IC= 1,47 – 16,62 X2= 7,97 p= 0,004) y con bruxismo (OR= 2,64 IC= 1,45 – 4,81 X2= 10,49 p= 0,001) tienen más probabilidades de presentar atrición dental severa. Luego de una regresión logística binaria se confirmó dicha relación: pacientes mayores de 25 años (OR= 2,03 IC= 1,08 – 3,818) con menos de 20 dientes en boca (OR= 3,90 IC= 1,07 – 14,19) y con bruxismo (OR= 3,22 IC= 1,70 – 6,10); sin embargo, se observó una capacidad predictora muy baja de la variables ajustadas según el R–cuadrado de Cox y Snell (0,123) y el R–cuadrado de Nagelkerke (0,172). Conclusiones: edad avanzada, menor cantidad de dientes en boca y bruxismo aumentaron la posibilidad de presentar atrición dental severa en los pacientes analizados. Mientras que el sexo masculino, la procedencia rural y el pH salival crítico (menor a 6) no se comportaron como factores de riesgo

Copyright of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To identify risk factors to pre-surgical complications in patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) in endemic areas of Peru. Materials and methods: Study of cases (n=43) and controls (n=127) not paired was designed, with a case-control ratio of 1:3 based on a secondary source. The case was defined as the patient with CE who presented with pre-surgical complications related or not with the disease and the control without pre-surgical complication. The response variable was preoperative complication and the exposition ones were age, gender, degree of instruction, occupation, number, size (diameter in centimeters) and location of the cyst. To identify the risk factors, a bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the crude odds ratios (cOR) and then the variables with significant association were adjusted by a multivariate logistic regression analysis using the Stata® version 14 software, obtaining the adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results: Fifty eight point eight percent (24/43) of the cases were women and the median age was 35 years and 59.1% (75/127) of the controls correspond to the female gender and the median age was 27 years. The multivariate logistic regression analysis found that being over 56 years old has an aOR 2.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.007-8.433) and having ≥3 cysts has an aOR 4.26 (95% CI: 1.62-11.22) for present pre-surgical complications in patients with CE. Conclusion: It was identified that being over 56 years old and having ≥3 cysts are risk factors for presenting pre-surgical complications in CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause cardiac injury, probably associated with myocarditis and ischemia induced by the infection. Myocardial damage leads to the liberation of proinflammatory cytokines and to the activation of autoimmune adaptive mechanisms through molecular limitation., Objective: To assess mortality associated with myocardial damage in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 confirmed by troponin I measurement., Material and Methods: Case-control study nested in a cohort of patients of a third-level hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the population. Qualitative variables were expressed as proportions and ranges, quantitative variables as means and standard deviation. Fisher's exact test was used to compare mortality between patients with and without myocardial damage. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant., Results: From June 2020 to August 2020, 28 patients who met the selection criteria were enrolled, out of which 15 had no myocardial damage and 13 had myocardial damage assessed by serum troponin measurement. A strong association was found between mortality and the presence of myocardial damage, since mortality was 20% (3/15) among patients without myocardial damage and 92.3% (12/13) among those with myocardial damage (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.005)., Conclusion: Mortality in patients with COVID-19 is associated with myocardial damage assessed by troponin I measurement., (Licencia CC 4.0 (BY-NC-ND) © 2023 Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.)

Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fundamento: Los estudios de causalidad deben aportar resultados certeros, lo cual depende de la adecuación de los mismos, de ahí la necesidad de conocer los métodos que aseguren la validez de estas investigaciones. Objetivo: Sistematizar los métodos actuales para el estudio de causalidad en Medicina que incluye el diseño, los requerimientos que aseguran su validez y los métodos para el cumplimiento de estos requerimientos. Desarrollo: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos biomédicas, se seleccionó la literatura de mayor actualidad, integralidad y cientificidad con la cual se organizó una síntesis crítica, a la que se le agregó la experiencia de las autoras. Se presentan técnicas para la detección y tratamiento de la confusión y la interacción y para garantizar la comparabilidad entre grupos. Entre las técnicas se destacan la aleatorización mendeliana, el puntaje de susceptibilidad, los G-métodos, los modelos estructurales marginales y anidados, la lógica difusa y el análisis estadístico implicativo. Conclusiones: A pesar del avance en los métodos estadísticos es el investigador el encargado de garantizar la no confusión residual y discernir entre lo estadísticamente significativo y lo clínicamente aceptable.

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Odontológica Argentina is the property of Asociacion Odontologica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCCIÓN: El temblor esencial es el temblor más común. No se ha descrito la asociación entre diabetes y temblor esencial. El objetivo de este estudio de casos y controles es documentar la asociación entre diabetes mellitus y temblor esencial. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en población clínica de pacientes incidentes con temblor esencial, pareados por edad y género, a quienes se les interrogó sobre antecedente de diabetes mellitus. Se determinó el OR mediante regresión logística condicionada. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 262 casos de temblor esencial y 262 controles. El antecedente de diabetes mellitus se encontró en 39 casos con temblor esencial y en 24 controles, lo que representa una asociación positiva entre los dos (OR 2,15, IC95 % 1,05 a 4,41). DISCUSIÓN: Este estudio de casos y controles en una población clínica muestra que los pacientes con temblor esencial tienen dos veces más probabilidad de tener el antecedente de diabetes mellitus.

Objetivo: identificar factores de riesgo relacionados con pielonefritis aguda durante la gestación en las gestantes de Barranquilla, Bogotá, Bucaramanga, Cali y Medellín (Colombia), afiliadas a una empresa administradora de planes de beneficio. Materiales y métodos: estudio de casos y controles, con dos controles por caso. Criterios de selección: gestantes que presentaron parto entre el 1 de enero de 2008 y 31 de diciembre de 2012, en las diferentes instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud de una empresa administradora de planes de beneficio en Colombia; se excluyeron aquellas con anomalías del tracto urinario. Se definieron como caso aquellas que tenían diagnóstico de pielonefritis aguda durante el embarazo, y como control las gestantes con parto atendido en el mismo periodo, sin diagnóstico de pielonefritis. Los casos fueron seleccionados por conveniencia de manera consecutiva, los controles de manera aleatoria. Se midieron las variables gestacionales, sociodemográficas y las comorbilidades. Se evaluó la asociación con análisis bivariado y multivariado. Resultados: se halló una incidencia de 18 casos de pielonefritis por 10.000 gestantes. El diagnóstico se realizó entre la semana 5 y 38 de gestación, la mayoría durante el segundo (40,2 %) y tercer (48,0 %) trimestre. Ningún caso presentó antecedentes de pielonefritis. Se halló asociación entre pielonefritis aguda y primigestante (OR = 1,94; IC 95 %: 1,13- 3,33), adolescente (OR = 2,85 ; IC 95 %: 1,51-5,40) e infección del tracto urinario previa al embarazo (OR = 2,29; IC 95 %: 1,17-4,44). Conclusión: ser primigestante, adolescente y con antecedente de infección baja del tracto urinario previa al embarazo son factores de riesgo para pielonefritis aguda gestacional.

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJETIVO : Analisar o papel da ouvidoria e sua contribuição para a gestão da saúde pública segundo usuários de sistema de Saúde e de conselheiros municipais de saúde. MÉTODOS : Pesquisa qualitativa, estudo de caso, descritivo e transversal. A unidade de análise foi uma ouvidoria de saúde, localizada em município do estado de Minas Gerais, de maio a agosto de 2010. O estudo foi de natureza observacional com dados coletados em entrevistas com dois grupos de stakeholders: usuários e conselheiros de saúde. Foram entrevistados 44 usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde que registraram manifestações presenciais na ouvidoria e todos os 20 conselheiros do município. As informações obtidas foram analisadas com base em três questões: (1) natureza das informações obtidas; (2) discussão sobre subsídios para qualificar o funcionamento da ouvidoria como ferramenta de gestão; (3) proposição de ações para o aprimoramento da gestão democrática no campo da saúde pública. RESULTADOS : As demandas reportadas à ouvidoria indicaram dificuldade de acesso às ações e serviços de saúde, correndo o risco de serem percebidas como atalhos para obtenção de acessibilidade, desconsiderando o princípio da justiça social. A atuação da ouvidoria contou com a aprovação dos cidadãos. Os usuários relataram como principais funções da ouvidoria: ajudar a solucionar problemas de saúde e ouvir e esclarecer sobre o funcionamento do Sistema Único de Saúde. A informação foi enfatizada pelos conselheiros de saúde como instrumento de poder e de acesso aos direitos dos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. Destacaram que a ouvidoria tem como tarefa garantir justiça na efetivação da política de saúde e que desempenha importante papel de mediação entre o Conselho de Saúde, os cidadãos e os gestores do sistema municipal de saúde. Além disso, atribuíram à ouvidoria caráter executivo que usualmente ela não abriga. CONCLUSÕES : A ouvidoria é uma importante ferramenta de gestão e atua na fiscalização do funcionamento do sistema de saúde. A implantação da ouvidoria é um avanço no campo da gestão democrática. Existem desafios a serem superados para que as ouvidorias contribuam para a execução das políticas de saúde e representem os cidadãos na garantia do direito à saúde.

OBJETIVO : Identificar fatores de risco para o absenteísmo com licença médica em trabalhadores de empresa de petróleo. MÉTODOS : Estudo caso-controle (120 casos e 656 controles) aninhado a um estudo de coorte retrospectivo com todos os trabalhadores de uma empresa de petróleo na Região Norte-Nordeste do Brasil entre 2007 e 2009. A variável resposta utilizada para representar o absenteísmo com licença médica foi a incidência média de faltas com licenças médicas no período, definida pela razão entre o total de dias de licenças médicas e os dias potencialmente trabalháveis no período. Análise de regressão logística foi utilizada para investigar a associação entre incidência média de faltas > 5,0% no período e as variáveis sexo, cargo, idade, tempo de atuação, regime de trabalho, tabagismo, hipertensão arterial, índice de massa corporal, atividade física, risco coronariano, sono, glicemia, diabetes não controlado, doença do aparelho cardiovascular, digestivo, aparelho locomotor, neurológica, neoplasia, posturas forçadas no trabalho, satisfação com o trabalho, relacionamento com a chefia e atenção concentrada no trabalho. RESULTADOS : A incidência média de faltas com licenças médicas > 5,0% no período da coorte foi 15,5%. O modelo logístico revelou que trabalhadores com incidência média de faltas > 5,0% tiveram 2,6 vezes mais chance de ser do sexo feminino; 2,0 vezes mais chance de ser fumante; 1,8 vez mais chance de ser ex-fumante, 2,2 vezes mais chance de relatar sono anormal e 10,5 vezes mais chance de estarem insatisfeitos com o trabalho do que trabalhadores com incidência média de faltas ≤ 5,0% no período. CONCLUSÕES : Sexo feminino, ser fumante ou ex-fumante, estar insatisfeito com o trabalho e relatar sono anormal são bons preditores de absenteísmo ao trabalho por doença.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositivity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. METHODS: A paired case-control study adjusted by age and gender was conducted. It included adults coinfected with HIV and HCV (cases) and HIV mono-infected subjects (controls) using non-probability sampling. Data were collected through interviews and review of medical records. The chi-square test was used for comparing categorical variables and the Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney U) test for continuous variables. Confidence intervals (95%) were estimated along with crude and adjusted odds ratios using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients were surveyed, including 55 cases and 110 controls. The mean age was 43.6 ± 8.4 years, ranging from 19 to 64 years; 70.9% were male. Independent risk factors for HIV/HCV coinfection were education (up to eight years of schooling); age at first intercourse < 15 years; having undergone tattooing; blood transfusion; and use of injecting drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Low level of education, early age at first sexual intercourse, tattooing, blood transfusions, and sharing needles and other drug injection equipment were factors that increased the risk of HIV/HCV coinfection. The results from this research can be compared with similar data from other regions to help direct preventive and educational efforts targeting people living with HIV.

OBJECTIVE To analyze spatial changes in the risk of AIDS and the relationship between AIDS incidence and socioeconomic variables in the state of Rondonia, Amazon region. METHODS A spatial, population case-control study in Rondonia, Brazil, based on 1,780 cases reported to the Epidemiological Surveillance System and controls based on demographic data from 1987 to 2006. The cases were grouped into five consecutive four-year periods. A generalized additive model was adjusted to the data; the dependent variable was the status of the individuals (case or control), and the independent variables were a bi-dimensional spline of the geographic coordinates and some municipality-level socioeconomic variables. The observed values of the Moran’s I test were compared to a reference distribution of values generated under conditions of spatial randomness. RESULTS AIDS risk shows a marked spatial and temporal pattern. The disease incidence is related to socioeconomic variables at the municipal level in Rondônia, such as urbanization and human capital. The highest incidence rates of AIDS are in municipalities along the BR-364 highway and calculations of the Moran’s I test show positive spatial correlation associated with proximity of the municipality to the highway in the third and fourth periods (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Incidence of the disease is higher in municipalities of greater economic wealth and urbanization, and in those municipalities bisected by Rondônia’s main roads. The rapid development associated with the opening up of once remote regions may be accompanied by an increase in these risks to health.

Objective. To evaluate if variants in the genes CYP1A1 (T3801C and A4889G), CYP1B1 (G119T), GSTM1 (indel) and GSTT1 (indel) are associated with breast cancer (BC) among Mexican women. Materials and methods. 952 incident cases with histologically confirmed BC were matched by age (± 5 years) and zone of residence with 998 healthy population controls. Genetic variants in genes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, GSTM1 and GSTT1were genotyped by allelic discrimination and multiplex PCR. In a subsample of women, 105 markers for ancestry were determined. Results. An increased BC risk, independent of other BC risk factors, was observed among carriers of CYP1B1 G119T genotype (T/T vs. G/G: OR=1.9; 95%CI 1.4-2.5). Conclusion. Our results support the existence of genetic susceptibility for BC conferred by CYP1B1 G119T variant among Mexican women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores associados ao atendimento por violência doméstica e familiar entre vítimas atendidas em serviços de urgência e emergência no Brasil. Realizou-se estudo de casos e controles baseado no Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes (VIVA), 2011. Foram selecionadas mulheres com 18 anos ou mais de idade, vítimas de violência doméstica e familiar (casos) em comparação com aquelas vítimas de acidentes (controles). As razões de chances ajustadas foram estimadas por regressão logística não condicional. Foram incluídos 623 casos e 10.120 controles. Na análise ajustada, foram fatores de risco: idade mais jovem (18-29 anos), baixa escolaridade, não exercer atividade remunerada, consumo de bebida alcoólica, procura de atendimento em outro serviço, ocorrência em final de semana e durante a noite ou madrugada. A violência doméstica e familiar teve o consumo de bebida alcoólica como fator fortemente associado. Os dias e horas de maior ocorrência evidenciam a necessidade de adequação dos serviços de atendimento às vítimas.

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Odontológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fisioterapia e Pesquisa is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJETIVO: Identificar indicadores da institucionalização de idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo de casos e controles com 991 idosos em Pelotas, RS, de 2007 a 2008. Os casos (idosos institucionalizados; n = 393) foram detectados por meio de um censo em todas as instituições de longa permanência para idosos da cidade. Os controles populacionais (n = 598) foram selecionados de forma aleatória, por meio de um amplo inquérito de saúde. Na comparação dos grupos, foram empregados os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e tendência linear na análise bruta e o modelo de regressão logística binária na análise ajustada, com medidas de efeito expressas em odds ratio. RESULTADOS: A institucionalização foi mais freqüente no sexo feminino (OR = 1,96; IC95% 1,31;2,95). Idosos com idade avançada (OR = 3,23 e OR = 9,56 para faixas etárias de 70-79 e > 80 anos, respectivamente), que viviam sem companheiro (solteiros, separados e viúvos), não possuíam escolaridade formal e apresentavam incapacidade funcional para atividades básicas da vida diária apresentaram maior probabilidade de institucionalização. Observou-se tendência inversa entre a ocorrência de institucionalização do idoso e o nível de atividade física, em que sujeitos pouco ativos e inativos apresentaram maiores probabilidades de institucionalização (OR = 1,71 e OR = 4,73, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: Dentre todas as características investigadas nos idosos, idade > 80 anos, viver sem companheiro e ser fisicamente inativo foram os indicadores mais fortemente associados à ocorrência de institucionalização. O incentivo ao cuidado informal, a partir de ações educativas e culturais focadas no papel da família para o idoso, pode impedir a institucionalização desses indivíduos.

Antecedentes: Se define trauma al nacimiento las lesiones sufridas por el feto durante el trabajo de parto o expulsión. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a lesiones originadas durante el nacimiento en recién nacidos. Método: Estudio casos y controles, realizado en el período de julio/2004 a diciembre/2005, en la División de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital General de Caxias do Sul/ Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil. Fueron analizadas variables maternas, del parto y fetales, utilizando el programa estadístico SPSS versión 19.0. Los factores que obtuvieron nivel significativo 33 cm (OR-A: 3,36; IC95%: 1,35-9,73; p=0,010). Conclusión: Los factores de riesgo asociados a lesiones durante el nacimiento involucran el parto vaginal y el perímetro torácico igual o superior a 33cm.Background: Obstetrics injuries can be defined as fetal lesions suffered by the fetus during labor or expulsion. Objective: Identify risk factors for fetal birth trauma. Method: Case-control study conducted from July 2004 to December 2005. We analyzed maternal and fetal variables using software SPSS 19.0. The variables showing a significance level 33 cm (OR-A: 3.36; 95%CI: 1.35-9.73; p=0.010). Conclusion: The risk factors for fetal birth injury were vaginal delivery and chest circumference equal to or larger than 33 cm. Other variables were not associated with the outcome in discussion.

OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à ocorrência de recidiva em hanseníase. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo caso-controle com 159 pacientes maiores de 15 anos diagnosticados com hanseníase em cinco municípios do estado de Mato Grosso, cujas unidades de saúde eram consideradas de referência para o atendimento. O grupo de casos incluiu 53 indivíduos com recidiva de 2005 a 2007 e foi comparado ao grupo controle (106 com alta por cura em 2005), pareados por sexo e classificação operacional. Foram usados dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, prontuários e entrevistas. Utilizou-se regressão logística condicional e abordagem hierárquica. RESULTADOS: Após análise ajustada, mostraram-se associados à ocorrência de recidiva: indivíduos residentes em casas alugadas (OR = 4,1; IC95%:1,43;12,04), em domicílio de madeira/taipa (OR = 3,2; IC95%: 1,16;8,76), que moravam com mais de cinco pessoas (OR = 2,1; IC95% : 1,03;4,36), com transtorno de uso de álcool (OR = 2,8; IC95%: 1,17;6,79), irregularidade do tratamento (OR = 3,8;IC95%: 1,44;10,02), sem esclarecimento sobre a doença/tratamento (OR = 2,6; IC95%: 1,09;6,13), que usavam transporte coletivo para o acesso à unidade de saúde (OR = 5,5; IC95%: 2,36;12,63), forma clínica da doença (OR = 7,1; IC95%: 2,48;20,52) e esquema terapêutico (OR = 3,7; IC95%: 1,49;9,11). CONCLUSÕES: Os fatores preditivos de recidiva relacionam-se com condições de moradia, hábitos de vida, organização dos serviços de saúde, formas clínicas e esquemas terapêuticos. Cabe aos serviços de saúde oferecer orientações adequadas aos pacientes, bem como garantir a regularidade do tratamento.OBJETIVO: Analizar factores asociados a la ocurrencia de recidiva en hanseníasis. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo caso-control con 159 pacientes mayores de 15 años diagnosticados con hanseníasis en cinco municipios del Estado de Mato Grosso, Centro-oeste de Brasil, cuyas unidades de salud eran consideradas de referencia para el atendimiento. El grupo de casos incluyó 53 individuos con recidiva de 2005 a 2007 y fue comparado con el grupo control (106 con alta por cura en 2005), pareados por sexo y clasificación operacional. Se usaron datos del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación, Prontuarios y entrevistas. Se utilizó regresión logística condicional y abordaje jerárquico. RESULTADOS: Posterior al análisis ajustado, se mostraron asociados a la ocurrencia de recidiva: individuos residentes en casas alquiladas (OR=4,1; IC95%:1,43;12,04), en domicilio de madera/tapia (OR=3,2; IC 95%:1,16;8,76), que moraban con más de cinco personas (OR=2,1; IC95%:1,03;4,36), con trastorno por uso de alcohol (OR=2,8;IC95%:1,17;6,79), irregularidad del tratamiento (OR= 3,8; IC95%: 1,44;10,02), sin esclarecimiento sobre la enfermedad/tratamiento (OR= 2,6; IC95%:1,09,6,13), que usaban transporte colectivo para el acceso a la unidad de salud (OR=5,5; IC95%: 2,36;12,63), forma clínica de la enfermedad (OR= 7,1;IC95%: 2,48;20,52) y esquema terapéutico (OR= 3,7; IC95%:1,49;9,11). CONCLUSIONES: Los factores predictivos de recidiva se relacionan con condiciones de vivienda, hábitos de vida, organización de los servicios de salud, formas clínicas y esquemas terapéuticos. Compete a los servicios de salud ofrecer orientaciones adecuadas a los pacientes, así como garantizar la regularidad del tratamiento.OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with relapse of leprosy. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study including 159 patients older than 15 diagnosed with leprosy attending reference centers for leprosy in five municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso, central-western Brazil. Cases (n=53) were patients with relapsed leprosy diagnosed from 2005 to 2007 who were compared with controls (n=106) matching for gender and operational classification who were considered cured after treatment in 2005. Data was obtained from the local Notifiable Diseases Database, medical records and interviews. For the analyses conditional logistic regression and hierarchical approaches were used. RESULTS: After adjustment, the following factors were associated with relapse of leprosy: living in rental housing (OR = 4.1; 95%CI: 1.43;12.04); living in houses constructed of wood and mud (OR = 3.2; 95%CI: 1.16;8.76); living with dwellings with more than five people (OR = 2.1; 95%CI: 1.03;4.36); alcohol use disorder (OR = 2.8; 95%CI: 1.17;6.79); irregular treatment (OR =3.8; 95%CI: 1.44;10.02); lack of knowledge about the disease/treatment (OR = 2.6; 95%CI: 1.09;6.13); use of public transportation to get to the clinic (OR = 5.5; 95%CI: 2.36;12.63); clinical form of the disease (OR = 7.1; 95%CI: 2.48;20.52), and treatment regimen (OR = 3.7; 95%CI: 1.49;9.11). CONCLUSIONS: The predictive factors of relapse are associated with housing conditions, living habits, organization of health services, clinical forms of leprosy and treatment regimen. Health services should educate patients on the disease as well as ensure consistent treatment.

To assess, under direct visualization, medical interviews, performed by 48 interns in 96 inpatients, we used a list of 44 deficiencies. Such deficiencies concerning to the history of the present disorder (HPD), types of questions, and general features, classified as mayor, important, and minor. There was a total of 783 deficiencies (media, 8.1 per interview) where 29.6 % corresponded to HPD, 20 % to types of questions, and 50,4 % to general features. 27 % were major, 46.4 % were important, and 26.6 % were minor. It was evident that there is a trend to obtaining information by means of brief and closed questions, inducing to responses and start by personal pathologic backgrounds, as well as serious difficulties in interrogation abilities. Some deficiencies must not arise so frequent in the last year of study. More than third of interns weren´t supervised just when they obtained data for medical record. We conclude that there is the need for increase direct supervision of students as a fundamental measure to improve their clinical abilities in making medical records.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between housing conditions and low birthweight and preterm low birthweight among low-income women. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with post-partum women living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil, in 2003-2005. Two groups of cases, low birthweight (n=96) and preterm low birthweight infants (n=68), were compared against normal weight term controls (n=393). Housing conditions were categorized into three levels: adequate, inadequate, and highly inadequate. Covariates included sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, risk behaviors, violence, anxiety, satisfaction during pregnancy, obstetric history and prenatal care. RESULTS: Poor housing conditions was independently associated with low birthweight (inadequate - OR 2.3 [1.1;4.6]; highly inadequate - OR 7.6 [2.1;27.6]) and preterm low birthweight (inadequate - OR 2.2 [1.1;4.3]; highly inadequate - OR 7.6 [2.4;23.9]) and factors associated with outcomes were inadequate prenatal care and previous preterm birth. Low income and low maternal body mass index remained associated with low birthweight. CONCLUSIONS: Poor housing conditions were associated with low birthweight and preterm low birthweight.

Objective: The need to generate evidence related to COVID-19, the acceleration of publication and peer-review process and the competition between journals may have influenced the quality of COVID-19 papers. Our objective was to compare the characteristics of COVID-19 papers against those of non-COVID-19 papers and identify the variables in which they differ., Method: We conducted a journal-matched case-control study. Cases were COVID-19 papers and controls were non-COVID-19 papers published between March 2020 and January 2021. Journals belonging to five different Journal Citations Reports categories were selected. Within each selected journal, a COVID-19 paper (where there was one) and another non-COVID-19 paper were selected. Conditional logistic regression models were fitted., Results: We included 81 COVID-19 and 143 non-COVID-19 papers. Descriptive observational studies and analytical observational studies had, respectively, a 55-fold (odds ratio [OR]: 55.12; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 7.41-409.84) and 19-fold (OR: 19.28; 95%CI: 3.09-120.31) higher likelihood of being COVID-19 papers, respectively, and also a higher probability of having a smaller sample size (OR: 7.15; 95%CI: 2.33-21.94). COVID-19 papers had a higher probability of being cited since their publication (OR: 4.97; 95%CI: 1.63-15.10)., Conclusions: The characteristics of COVID-19 papers differed from those of non-COVID-19 papers published in the first months of the pandemic. In order to ensure the publication of good scientific evidence the quality of COVID-19-papers should be preserved., (Copyright © 2022 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

FUNDAMENTO: Estudos epidemiológicos estabeleceram uma associação entre dislipidemias e aterosclerose. A terapia nutricional é um ponto central da estratégia preventiva em indivíduos que apresentam fatores de risco para doença aterosclerótica. OBJETIVOS: Investigar os efeitos do chá verde (Camellia sinensis) em pacientes portadores de dislipidemias. MÉTODOS: O estudo envolveu 33 pacientes, com idade entre 21 e 71 anos, que consumiam uma dieta com baixo teor de gorduras (25% a 35% das calorias totais e 200 mg de colesterol por dia). Foram randomizados para dois tratamentos sequenciais: cápsulas contendo 250 mg de extrato seco do chá verde ou placebo, administradas por um período total de 16 semanas, tendo cada paciente utilizado chá verde (Camellia sinensis) por oito semanas e placebo em igual período. RESULTADOS: Os valores lipídicos basais (mg/dl) foram os seguintes: HDL-colesterol 60,7 ± 7,3; colesterol total 255 ± 30,9; LDL-colesterol 158,8 ± 29,0; triglicerídeos 169,0 ± 61,3 e Apo-B 120,2 ± 18,9. As variações lipídicas médias, provocadas pelo uso do chá verde (Camellia sinensis), mostraram uma redução de 3,9 % (p = 0,006) nas concentrações do colesterol total e uma redução de 4,5 % (p = 0,026) do LDL-colesterol. A ingestão de chá verde não influenciou significativamente os níveis de HDL-colesterol, dos triglicerídeos e do Apo-B. Resultados não significativos foram observados na avaliação dos lipídeos sanguíneos (colesterol total e LDL-colesterol) com o uso do placebo. CONCLUSÃO: Foi demonstrado o efeito benéfico do chá verde (Camellia sinensis), que reduziu significativamente, em oito semanas, os níveis de colesterol total e LDL-colesterol nesse grupo de pacientes.FUNDAMENTO: Estudios epidemiológicos establecieron una asociación entre dislipidemias y aterosclerosis. La terapia nutricional es un punto central de la estrategia preventiva en individuos que presentan factores de riesgo para enfermedad aterosclerótica. OBJETIVO: Investigar los efectos del té verde (Camellia sinensis) en pacientes portadores de dislipidemias. MÉTODOS: El estudio implicó a 33 pacientes, con edad entre 21 y 71 años, que consumían una dieta con bajo tenor graso (el 25% al 35% de las calorías totales y 200mg de colesterol por día). Se randomizaron para dos tratamientos secuenciales: cápsulas conteniendo 250mg de extracto seco del té verde o placebo, administradas por un período total de 16 semanas, habiendo cada paciente utilizado té verde (Camellia sinensis) por ocho semanas y placebo en igual período. RESULTADOS: Los valores lipídicos basales (mg/dl) fueron los siguientes: HDL-colesterol 60,7 ± 7,3; colesterol total 255 ± 30,9; LDL-colesterol 158,8 ± 29,0; triglicéridos 169,0 ± 61,3 y Apo-B 120,2 ± 18,9. Las variaciones lipídicas promedios, provocadas por el uso del té verde (Camellia sinensis), evidenciaron una reducción de un 3,9 % (p = 0,006) en las concentraciones del colesterol total y una reducción de un 4,5 % (p = 0,026) del LDL-colesterol. La ingestión de té verde no influenció significativamente los niveles de HDL-colesterol, de los triglicéridos y de la Apo-B. Resultados no significativos se observaron en la evaluación de los lípidos sanguíneos (colesterol total y LDL-colesterol) con el empleo del placebo. CONCLUSIÓN: Se evidenció el efecto benéfico del té verde (Camellia sinensis), que redujo significativamente, en ocho semanas, los niveles de colesterol total y LDL-colesterol en ese grupo de pacientes.BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have established an association between dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. Nutritional therapy is a key point in the prevention strategy for individuals who present with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in patients with dyslipidemias. METHODS: The study included 33 patients aged between 21 and 71 years who had a low-fat diet (25-35% of total calories and 200 mg of cholesterol per day). They were randomized for two sequential treatments: 250-mg capsules of green tea dry extract or placebo for a total period of 16 weeks; each patient received green tea (Camellia sinensis) for eight weeks and placebo for another eight weeks. RESULTS: Baseline lipid values (mg/dL) were: HDL-cholesterol 60.7 ± 7.3; total cholesterol 255 ± 30.9; LDL-cholesterol 158.8 ± 29.0; triglycerides 169.0 ± 61.3 and Apo-B 120.2 ± 18.9. Mean lipid variations induced by the use of green tea (Camellia sinensis) showed a 3.9% reduction (p = 0.006) in total cholesterol concentrations and a 4.5% reduction (p = 0.026) in LDL-cholesterol. The intake of green tea did not significantly influence HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and Apo-B levels. Non-significant results were found in the assessment of blood lipids (total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) with the use of placebo. CONCLUSION: A beneficial effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) was demonstrated, with a significant reduction of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in eight weeks, in the patients studied.

Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer (BPN) es un importante problema de salud pública en los países en desarrollo y es un indicador de la salud materno-infantil. El peso al nacer por debajo de 2.500 g contribuye a problemas de salud materno-infantiles de corto y largo plazo. Objetivo: establecer los factores asociados con el bajo peso al nacer en el Hospital Universitario San José, Popayán (Colombia), en el período comprendido entre los años 2005 y 2006. Métodos y materiales: estudio de casos y controles. Los casos (n=344) fueron los recién nacidos con peso menor a 2.500 g que nacieron en este hospital. Los controles (n=483) fueron recién nacidos con peso mayor a 2.500 g que nacieron el mismo día. Se realizó una entrevista en mujeres después del parto para recoger información acerca de los factores de riesgo; y se estimó el Odds Ratio (OR, por sus siglas en inglés) y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC95%) utilizando un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: como factores de protección se consideraron: antecedentes de estrato socioeconómico medio/superior (OR=0,33; IC95% 0,12-0,91), sexo femenino del recién nacido (OR=0,73; IC95% 0,55-0,98), tener más de 5 controles prenatales (OR=0,54; IC 95% 0,39-0,75) y no tener antecedentes previos de BPN (OR=0,30; IC95% 0,15-0,58). Entre los factores de riesgo se encontraron: antecedentes de infecciones del tracto urinario (OR=1,78; IC95% 1,30-2,45) y cesárea anterior (OR=1,88; IC95% 1,13-3,16). Conclusión: el bajo peso al nacer está asociado con el estrato socioeconómico, por lo que intervenir en la falta de equidad social es un factor de importancia para la reducción del BPN en el área de influencia de este centro de atención terciario.Introduction: low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem and maternal-infant health indicator in developing countries. A birth weight below 2.500 g contributes towards poor short- and long-term maternal-infant health outcomes. Objective: establishing risk factors for LBW in the San José teaching hospital in Popayán, Colombia, 2005-2006. Methods and materials: this was a case-control study. Cases (n=344) were newborn (2.500 g) who were born on the same day. An interview was conducted to collect information regarding risk factors from post-partum females. A logistic regression model was used for estimating risk factors by Odds Ratio (OR) with confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: having a middle/upper socio-economic class background (OR=0,33; 95%CI 0,12-0,91), the newborn being female (OR=0,73; 95%CI 0,55-0,98), having had more than 5 prenatal controls (OR=0,54; 95%CI 0,39-0,75), having no background of previous LBW (OR=0,30; 95%CI 0,15-0,58) were protective factors for LBW. Having a background of urinary tract infection (OR=1,78; 95% CI 1,30-2,45) and having undergone a previous caesarean section (OR=1,88; 95%CI 1,13-3,16) were low birth weight risk factors. Conclusion: LBW was thus seen to be associated with coming from a lower socio-economic class. Interventions regarding the lack of social equity is therefore an important factor in reducing LBW in this third-level hospital's area of influence.